The Jumpseeds Are Jumpin'

Why call a plant "Virginia Knotweed" when you could call it "Jumpseed", and watch how the seeds jump when you pull your fingers up the stem? There are so many less than ideal common names for native plants--many a beautiful plant has "weed" in its name--that it's a relief when a good one comes along.

So Jumpseed it is--scientific name Polygonum virginianum. The photo shows a whole understory of jumpseed, ready to live up to its name, over next to the Pettoranello Gardens parking lot.

Thanks to Carolyn Edelmann for providing the name, and an explanation of its meaning.

Savanna By The Lake

It's common to think of landscapes as either open or closed, bright field or dark woods. But walk along the towpath that runs between Lake Carnegie and the canal, just west of Harrison Street, and you enter an inbetween landscape of scattered trees and sunny openings, where wildflowers find their niches in the endlessly varied gradations of light.

It's hard to say what's "natural" about this spot. Many of the trees were planted by Princeton University long ago, and this narrow strip of land is squeezed between manmade canal and lake. But the landscape is probably closer in character to what the first European settlers would have found, back when Indians used fire to open up the landscape. The periodic fires would have left the oaks unharmed, protected by their thick fire-resistant bark, but most other trees would not have survived, allowing the sun to reach the ground and support a rich understory of grasses and herbs.

Although prescribed burns are used as a management tool elsewhere in the D&R Canal State Park, the land along Carnegie lake has been kept savanna-like by annual mowing. This is the best time of year to pay a visit. Beneath spreading oaks of many kinds, an unusual abundance of wildflowers prosper (see Aug. 27 post). On a recent walk, we startled a great blue heron who complained vigorously as it flew away, saw a red tailed hawk perching low near the trail, and watched from close range a goldfinch feasting on the impressive stand of cutleaf coneflowers. Right beside this natural abundance is a human current of canoes and kayaks on the canal, and joggers passing by on the towpath. This spot is in no way remote, but is richer than many a far-flung refuge.

Inventory Walk at Greenway Meadows Aug. 24

This Sunday at 2pm, we'll explore Greenway Meadows, particularly the area along the StonyBrook. The park has great potential for creating wet meadows in low, sunny swales--the sort perfectly suited for boneset and the many other sun-loving wildflowers featured lately on this blog--but we'll see what's growing there now. We may also check out all the native species planted around the D&R Greenway's Johnson Education Center.

This is the last in our summer series of inventory walks, and also marks the last week for our summer intern extraordinaire, Sarah Chambliss, whose good works this summer have been made possible by the Princeton Internships in Civic Service (PICS) and Friends of Princeton Open Space.

Meet at the Greenway Meadows parking lot, across from the entrance to Johnson Park School, out Rosedale Road.

The Friends of Princeton Open Space, which I work for, contributed $300,000 to the purchase of Greenway Meadows, and also helped purchase 14 wooded acres across Rosedale Road from the park. These plant inventory walks are part of an effort to document plant life in Princeton's preserved areas for the upcoming publication of the Princeton Environmental Resource Inventory.

Backyard Biodiversity at 7pm

If you want biodiversity in your backyard, plant a Eupatorium. This one happens to be boneset, perhaps the most magical of all Eupatoriums in its allure for pollinators. The progression in my backyard begins with JoePyeWeed, shifts to boneset and mistflower, then finishes off with Late-Flowering Thoroughwort. All of these have tiny, shallow flowers that appeal to an unusual range of insects.



Boneset rewards anyone willing to stand still long enough to watch at close range the comings and goings at this five foot high fast food joint. There's the usual honey bees and bumblebees hanging out, but then what are all these other creatures in wild outfits? A wasp with blue iridescent wings and brown abdomen. Another wasp with an improbably thin waist. And then another bug of mysterious identity, a couple kinds of moths, and a ladybug cruising up and down the stems in search of a meal.



I have no names for most of these, only a sense of wonder at all the varied life that meets for dinner on a boneset, at 7pm on a Sunday evening.

The Tree That Ate A House

Don't let this happen to you. By all means, be careful what you plant near your foundation, especially now that global warming has increased the metabolic rates of trees. The occupants of this modest brick ranch were lucky to escape.

Upcoming Inventory Walks and a Workday

This Sunday, August 17, a morning session at the high school wetland and an afternoon walk at Marquand Park. August 24, a 2pm inventory walk at Greenway Meadows is planned (the first one got rained out).

Workday at the Wetland: At 9am, we'll meet at the Princeton High School ecolab, i.e. the detention basin that was transformed into a wetland. The native species we planted last year are doing great, and some weeds are doing better than we might wish. It's a good chance to get acquainted with both, before pulling out the latter. The wetland is part dry ground, part wet, so you needn't wear rubber boots unless it rains heavily the day before. The wetland is on Walnut Street, tucked between the two new wings of the high school.

Inventory Walk at Marquand Park: At 2pm, we'll meet at Marquand Park, and explore the less developed areas to see what's growing untended. This, I just realized, is our first inventory walk in Princeton borough. The park is on Lovers Lane, between 206 and Mercer Street. The photo is from a November, 2006 post on this blog--one of the giant tulip poplars in the park.

update on today's walk

For any intrepid souls wishing to ignore the rumblings and dodge occasional raindrops, we're still meeting today at 2pm at Turning Basin Park, on the chance that the thunderstorms will remain distant rumbles.

Steve

Canal Inventory Walk Sunday, Aug. 10

On August 10, at 2pm, we'll meet at Turning Basin Park (on Alexander Rd. where it crosses the canal), to inventory plants along the D&R Canal State Park. Many showy wildflowers, such as cutleaf coneflower and Hibiscus, begin blooming along the canal towpath in early August.

This photo, from the first post on this blog, almost two years ago, shows cutleaf coneflowers blooming along the towpath in mid-August, 2006, near Harrison Street. That was the first year that the D&R Canal State Park reduced mowing of the fields from every two weeks to once a year. Wildflowers that had been getting repeatedly mowed down were finally allowed to grow to full height and bloom.

I haven't been down to the towpath in a month or so, but a similar scene should greet us this Sunday.

Cicadas Rise and Fall

Late evening, two days ago, and a family member comes in from the backyard to report a strange sighting on the steps leading to the garden. I take a look, and am startled by the size of the insect-like thing suspended on the face of the steps.

Closer inspection revealed a cicada of unknown species doing a slow-mo back flip out of its terrestrial skin, with little proto-wing stubs on either side.

Half an hour later, it has righted itself and succeeded in pumping blood into its wings, which are now air drying. The suspension is critical, because if the unfolding wings touch anything, they will be distorted and the little beastie will not be able to launch into the flying stage of its life.

I was struck by the beauty, speed and ingenuity of this transformation to airworthy status. Another cicada pulled off the same timeless stunt two steps away, and the next day the drone of cicadas was noticeably stronger.



But life for the newly hatched cicadas is not entirely a carefree singfest in the trees. Nature has its checks and balances, as I found out the next day when I visited the rainwater garden on Harrison Street a couple blocks away.

There, a strange and even more massive insect-like thing flew low to the ground, landing on a tree trunk. Part of it turned out to be a cicada, the other part a Cicada Killer wasp, which had paralyzed the cicada with its sting and was now struggling to transport it. I watched as the wasp dragged the cicada up the tree trunk to a comfortable perch, presumably to munch upon this juicy morsel.

An internet search revealed that the mature wasp feeds on pollen and nectar, not cicadas, and was instead dragging it up the tree so that it could then glide with it to the wasp's underground burrow, there to lay an egg in the paralyzed cicada. The egg will then hatch and the larval wasp will eat the well-preserved cicada's insides.

Meanwhile, passing motorists see only the benign facade of flowers, if they see anything at all. Nature's workings are all the more hidden when they happen along a busy street, where people are so intent on getting somewhere else that they don't look left or right.

Upcoming Plant Inventory Walks

Nature walks, open to the public, are planned for the first four Sundays in August, to inventory plant life in Princeton's parks and preserves. This coming Sunday, August 3, there will be a plant inventory walk at Herrontown Woods. Meet at the parking lot, across Snowden Lane from Smoyer Park, at 2pm. Unlike most of Princeton's preserves, Herrontown Woods is county owned. It features mature forest, boulder fields and also an old farmstead--two houses and a barn--intended by the donor originally to become an environmental center.

On August 10, also at 2pm, we'll meet at the Turning Basin Park (on Alexander where it crosses the canal), to inventory plants along the D&R Canal State Park. Many showy wildflowers, such as cutleaf coneflower and Hibiscus, begin blooming along the canal towpath in early August.

Inventory walks for August 17 and 24 to be announced.

Damselflies, Sycamores and a River

One of my favorites spots to wade out into the riffles of the Stonybrook is just below the Rosedale Road bridge, next to Greenway Meadows park. The water's shallow, the bottom stony, and on this particular day in early June, sycamore seeds speckled the water's surface, and a few stray sycamore leaves came drifting downstream, catching occasionally on rocks.

A closer look at the leaves (3rd photo) showed them to be a favored place of congregation for a species of damselfly so intent on procreation that they cared little if they were above or below water.









Damselflies clasp their wings together above them when they perch.


A dragonfly (wings lie flat when at rest, and much stockier--last photo) was not so happy in the water, and had to be rescued from its floundering.

Pileated Woodpeckers at Mountain Lakes

The FOPOS summer intern and I saw a pair of pileated woodpeckers at Mountain Lakes Preserve yesterday, flying low to the ground from tree to tree, lingering nowhere for long. These is the largest woodpecker species in the eastern U.S., unless one believes that the ivory billed woodpecker still lives in remote forests of the south. This is my second sighting of a pair of these impressive birds at Mountain Lakes in four years.

New Flowers On The Scene

Lots of new openings in town. All of these work well in wetland gardens, or regular gardens for that matter, and are being grown in planted wetlands, such as the Princeton High School Ecolab.

In order:


Cutleaf Coneflower (common along the canal near Harrison Street),

Boneset (shows up in sunny spots along creeks),

Cardinal Flower (along the banks of the Millstone River, upstream of Carnegie Lake),

Summersweet (also called Clethra or Sweet Pepperbush--very fragrant),

Swamp Milkweed (wet, sunny spots in local preserves, great for Monarch butterflies),

Monkey Flower (swamps).

Water Pollution At Pettoranello Gardens

Occasionally, the water in creeks flowing into Pettoranello Gardens from town shows clear signs of pollution. A couple times, the creek feeding Pettoranello Pond from Valley Road has turned an ashen grey. On July 20th, another pipe that empties into the Gardens from under the Community Park fields was obviously carrying something that had been dumped in. It would be interesting to know what streets and businesses feed into these creeks. This particular pipe may drain the Leigh/Birch neighborhood.

I reported the incident immediately to the police, though I've since been told that Randy Carter at the Princeton Health Department is the one to contact about any sightings of water pollution. In this case, he took a look and found discoloration but no evidence of toxicity.

Raingarden Grows on Harrison Street

The raingarden planted at Princeton Borough's Senior Center along Harrison Street, just up from Hamilton St, is flourishing. The many wildflowers are just about to cut loose with colorful blooms.

It was dug by hand, with help from an old rototiller, and planted with native wildflowers and shrubs.
The garden captures runoff directed to it from the downspouts of nearby buildings. Rainwater accumulates to five inches or so in the garden, then seeps into the soil, feeding the plantings.




Click on the sign to enlarge it. Borough resident Curtis Helm provided the idea and the initiative, with some assistance at various points from me. Pinelands Nursery contributed the plants. The borough provided mulch to suppress weeds around the edges.

Here is a cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis), with bright red blooms about to open.

Plants of Tusculum

Last Sunday's plant inventory walk included some pleasant surprises. Tusculum has 35 some acres of meadows and forest purchased for preservation this year. The plant inventory will be part of the management plan being prepared for the property.

The fields have great potential as habitat for prairie wildflowers. Some are already there. The first photo shows butterflyweed, living up to its name. The flower was also attracting lots of tiny green bees during our visit, which reminded me of a NY Times article about the many kinds of native bees, and how various of them have evolved to favor particular flower shapes.


Particularly suggestive of these fields' potential for dramatic wildflower displays was this gathering of black-eyed susans, with narrow-leaved mountain mint in the background (white). The insect activity in this patch was tremendous.


Mountain mint, common in the fields, also attracts butterflies.












One plant that sent me scrambling for my plant book was this ragged fringed orchis, of which only two were found.



Another fairly rare plant found at Tusculum is green milkweed (not shown).

DRAFT Environmental Resource Inventory--Online for Public Perusal

An environmental resource inventory (ERI) compiles as much information as possible about a town's natural and historical resources. The document is useful for making planning decisions, and also can tell you things like what watershed you live in, what type of soil you have, what parts of town have been protected from development, what rare species have been found in town, where your drinking water comes from, and where your stormwater goes.

Princeton hadn't had its ERI updated since 1978, and had long since lost its usefulness.

To hire a consultant to provide a much needed update, the Princeton Environmental Commission (PEC) applied for and got a grant from ANJEC (Association of NJ Environmental Commissions), which was then matched by money from the township and borough. The consultant, the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission, with input from the PEC, municipal staff and others, has just finished a 2nd DRAFT.

The public also has an opportunity to provide input. You are encouraged to take a look at it and offer comments and suggestions. The document, with lots of colorful maps, can be downloaded from the township website at http://www.princetontwp.org/Princeton_ERI_Draft_7-2.pdf.

Not included in the DRAFT document as yet are actual inventories of plants and animals. These are an optional element in ERIs, and happen only if people locally take the initiative to create them. Through my work with Friends of Princeton Open Space, I'm leading walks on Sunday afternoons through various preserves, identifying as many plants as possible. There is also an effort to seek out any existing biological inventories and include them in the publication. If you're interested in joining this effort, and aren't on the email list, please contact me through this website.

Inventory at Princeton Battlefield this Sunday, 2pm

This Sunday, July 6, I thought it would be fun to do a plant inventory at Princeton Battlefield, where an 18th century encampment will be in place for the weekend (http://www.saveprincetonbattlefield.org/newsEvents/1783/index.php). We'll meet at 2pm, and work the fringes, away from the encampment. We may also head down into the nearby Institute Woods, time permitting.

Park in the lot or along Mercer, and meet between Clark House and the barn, close to where the remains of the famed Mercer Oak lie moldering in the woods.

This weekly series of plant inventories is being sponsored by Friends of Princeton Open Space. The inventories will be compiled and published in the Princeton Environmental Resource Inventory later this year.

A (mostly) Native Flower Arrangement

Here's a way to learn native wildflowers, which my wife brought in from the backyard. In the middle is a white version of purple coneflower. The red is beebalm. The deep yellow are black-eyed susans (Rudbeckia hirta); the cloud of white flowers in the background are meadow rue. Non-natives joining in are the light yellow disks of an ornamental variety of yarrow, and one blue lavender at the top.

Plants of Rogers Refuge

One Princeton preserve I get to help take care of is the marsh at Rogers Refuge, which lies between the Institute Woods and the Stony Brook. The first photo shows fringed loosestrife, a native with shy flowers that, like mayapple, face downward. Most people associate the word "loosestrife" with purple loosestrife, an invasive exotic found in marshes and along streambanks, but the native loosestrife shows up in small patches here and there in Princeton preserves.

The second photo is of water hemlock, another native wildflower of wet areas.

More common is the native trumpet vine, growing on a tree not far from the observation tower that looks out over the marsh at the Refuge.

To get there, follow West Drive off of Alexander Road, stay left, and park in the lot just before you reach the water company buildings. The land is owned by the water company, but has a protective easement agreement with Princeton Township. Members of the Friends of Rogers Refuge (FORR) were responsible for helping preserve the marsh back in the 60s, and continue to provide impetus to manage its unique habitat.

Bottlebrush Buckeye

One of my favorite sights in Princeton this time of year is a planting of bottlebrush buckeye out on Rosedale Road on the way to Greenway Meadows Park. Aesculus parviflora is the latin name, and the USDA plant website shows its native range to be South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama, with a mysterious, disjunct presence also in Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

I first encountered it in the native plant section of Duke Gardens, where it has grown into a broad clone on a hillside. I've seen it more recently in Central Park, and planted occasionally in gardens. Never, though, in the wild.

The second photo shows its classic shape, as it spreads outward much like sumac.

A Plant Inventory Walk at Autumn Hill Reservation

Five of us gathered on Sunday, June 29 to take what was for most of us our first look at this quiet preserve on the east side of Princeton. The goal was to try out the trails and identify as many plants along the way as possible, as part of an effort to document plant diversity in Princeton.

The township website descriptions says "the occasional drone of single-engine airplanes adds to the lazy feeling of the place", and sure enough, a plane or two flew over in lazy fashion. The 72 acres vary considerably in the presence of invasive species. The first stretch has very few exotics, with a nice variety of natives like maple-leaved Viburnum and even a few Joe-Pye-Weed growing along the trail.

After the trail crosses a stream, the exotic multiflora rose starts showing up in force, but natives like black cohosh (photo) and broad beech fern still find room to grow.





Photo #2: Daniel pointed out a beech tree with very un-beechlike bark (photo).










Photo #3: ...and correctly identified Indian Pipe, a parasitic plant related to blueberries.

Photo

#4: Some would call this old jalopy an eyesore, but I like to think of it as history, a time capsule slowly returning to earth as the trees rise above.

Thanks to Suzy of the Whole Earth Center for bringing along cider and pretzels for a post-walk snack.

To Weed a Wetland

The ecolab at Princeton High School--actually an upscale stormwater detention basin transformed by teachers, students and grounds crew into a wetland--is now in its second season. This photo shows some fox sedges that were part of the initial planting. Behind them is one of the miniponds, with cattails springing up. The dark green leaves and blue flowers at the far side of the pond are pickerelweed, which will bloom throughout the summer. The image in the photo is one of soft, grassy vegetation next to water, beauty and repose. Relax and enjoy it, for the moment, because the next photo is of the same ecolab from another, less flattering angle.


I put this photo in to show how deceptive a pretty picture of a garden can be. Here, the wetland looks more like a war zone, and in some ways it is. The carcasses of weeds lay desiccating on broad strips of black plastic layed down to suppress growth in areas not yet planted with natives.

Though the ecolab is a wetland, it is still a garden, and actions taken this second season will determine whether all the native wildflowers and sedges planted the first year will thrive or be overwhelmed by (mostly exotic) weeds. Will a feel-good project (native plants, wetlands, schoolkids, butterflies, birdhouses) actually live up to its billing, or will it fade beneath a blanket of bindweed, horseweed and a wave of exotic grasses.

With students and teachers mostly dispersed to farflung locales for the summer, the weeds have a perfect opportunity to prosper and turn good intentions into chaos. Most communities don't have a niche for someone with the knowledge and time to care for a planting like this, which is one reason why most of the urban landscape is a boring combination of trees and turf that offers little habitat for wildlife. That's where I come in, with support from the nonprofit Friends of Princeton Open Space and help from a summer intern from Princeton University. We've been augmenting the efforts of teacher Tim Anderson, spending a couple hours a week pulling weeds and adding to the initial planting with native Hibiscus, green bulrush and cutleaf coneflower grown from local seed.

In this photo, you can see the challenge of figuring out what to pull and what to leave. The heart-shaped leaves on the left are of marsh marigold, a native that graced the wetland early this spring with yellow flowers. The oval leaves to the right are plantain, a common exotic weed that, like all the others, we try to pull before its seeds mature. The flat leaves at the top of the photo are blue flag iris, another native.

Interestingly, the plant most people think of as iconic in wetlands--cattail--is one of the biggest threats to the ecolab, as its expansionist tendencies could easily crowd out all the less aggressive natives, reducing the site to a near monoculture.

It sounds intimidating, but the work is made much easier by being strategic--pulling new cattails before they get firmly rooted, pulling exotic weeds when the ground is soft and before they produce seeds. One of the conveniences of a wetland garden is that the soil is very often soft, so that weeds pull easily. Another plus is that the native wildflowers grow with such vigor, making weeding around them all the more rewarding. As this is written, the JoePyes are about to bloom--a good time to pay a visit. The ecolab wetland is on Walnut Street, across from Westminster Conservatory.

Nature Walk Sunday, June 29, 2pm

Princeton's Autumn Hill Reservation is our next destination for a nature walk and plant inventory (see previous post for last week's). The preserve is on the eastern side of Princeton, on Herrontown Road just west of Snowden Lane. Head east from downtown on Nassau Street, take a left on Snowden (traffic light). Follow Snowden past the turnoffs for Smoyer Park and Herrontown Woods, then take a left where the road deadends at Herrontown Road. Autumn Hill Reservation parking is a short way up on the right.

For more info on Autumn Hill Reservation, and a trail map, follow these links:

http://www.princetontwp.org/authill.html
http://www.njtrails.org/trailguide.php?TrailID=97

Woodfield Reservation

This summer, I'm leading walks Sunday afternoons in various nature preserves in Princeton. The goal is to better our acquaintance with the various preserves, and also to conduct plant inventories along the trails that will be published later this year in the Princeton Environmental Resource Inventory (ERI). The ERI is being updated for the first time since 1978.

Our first outing was to Woodfield Reservation, located on the northwest side of town, near Princeton Day School. The preserve's trails are in excellent condition, thanks in particular to all the work that volunteer Andrew Love of nearby TenAcre has done over the years.

There were many pleasant surprises along the way. The first photo shows spires of black cohosh just about to bloom. For some reason, native species like maple-leaved Viburnum, a leguminous vine called Hog Peanut, and various ferns are more abundant here than at Mountain Lakes Preserve. There's also an impressive patch of maidenhair fern.


A map (found on the web at njtrails.org) is very useful for navigating to Council Rock (framed by the elbowed tree in the photo), which lives up to its name, jutting out over a broad, rock-strewn valley--a great playscape for kids.

Rising from the valley are towering tulip poplars and black gum. The photo shows black gum's distinctive bark.